An important detail that no one in the discussion seems to have noticed: You can turn on animation-less swiping in Safari!
On macOS Ventura, go to "System Settings" -> "Trackpad" -> "More Gestures“ and set "Swipe between pages" to "Swipe with Three Fingers". Then, when you swipe with three fingers, Safari does not show an animation on swiping.
Thus, it seems to me that WebKit cannot be the culprit here. Also, I'd say, animation-less swiping does not really go against a particular Mac aesthetic when it is built into Macs already.